How to Use HTML 3.2

The World Wide Web is exploding all around us, and it shows no signs of slowing down. Chances are that if you've opened the book to this page, you're already familiar with the Internet in general and the World Wide Web in particular. You've probably al-ready explored what the Web has to offer, and like millions of others, you've become hooked by its limitless information and exciting content. In fact, you've probably even thought about publishing your own home page on the Web.
Surprisingly, publishing on the Web is easy. The backbone of the World Wide Web is the Hypertext Markup Language, often simply re-ferred to as HTML. This is the language that is used to create Web pages, and it is the glue that holds all of the pieces of the Web together. Despite its power and flexibility, HTML is simple to understand and write. HTML is not complicated, and it doesn't require special compilers or tools. In fact, you can write HTML just as we did for this book-using the Windows Notepad.
How to Use HTML 3.2 is an illustrated tutorial that will teach you the fundamentals of HTML. It starts with the basics, and then moves on to the more advanced concepts. Along the way, you'll get the chance to practice your skills in a series of exercises known as Try-Its. By the time you complete this book, you'll be an accomplished HTML author. Even when you finish reading the book, you can continue to use it as a reference and guide as you publish your own documents on the Web.
The Web is an exciting medium, and it levels the playing field for electronic publishing. Anyone can publish on the Web. There are very few obstacles, and no special tools are required. All you need is a working knowledge of HTML, some disk space on a Web server, and a whole lot of ambition. This book will teach you everything you need to know about creating HTML content on the World Wide Web. The rest is up to you.

HTML 3.2 and CGI Professional Reference Edition UNLEASHED

The State of the World Wide Web
It's the late 1990s, and the World Wide Web is a more complex system for communication than when it was introduced almost a decade ago. Although technically still based on the system of hypertext that Tim Berners-Lee and others developed at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva, Switzerland in the late 1980s, the Web today is more diverse technologically and more diffused within society and culture.
The Technical Expansion of the Web
The range of technologies a Web developer can choose from is now more varied than ever. Besides an array of techniques and tools to shape meaning with HyperText Markup Language (HTML), developers also can use many technologies to add new kinds of multimedia and interactive content to on-line services. New kinds of software to observe Web content are being developed, and the competition for being the provider of Internet software has risen to the highest priority in the personal computer industry.
Whereas the view of the Web in 1989 was a text-based browser deployed on an internal network, today the Web is a global medium that encompasses many software and communications systems across many networks. Within just the years 1995-1996, new kinds of system s emerged that enabled new forms of communications over the Web.

HTML By Example

What's the by Example Advantage?
There are two major reasons why learning HTML is easier when it's by Example. First, HTML isn't a typical programming language-in fact, it isn't a programming language at all. It's a "mark-up" language that builds on very basic concepts that are all somewhat related to one another. Learning by example, then, allows you to start with the initial concepts and learn to build to make complex Web pages come to life easily.
Second, with the included CD-ROM, HTML by Example gives you a major headstart in Web creation. Why? Because if you see an example that's similar to what you want to create, just copy the example from the CD and alter it to suit your needs. It's possible to have a Web page created within minutes of finding a suitable example! Just copy and paste.
Who Should Use This Book?
Before you get to the point of actually creating HTML documents (Web pages), you'll go through a little refresher course on the Internet and the World Wide Web. So, even if you're not terribly familiar with the Web, I'll try to get you there before throwing any strange codes or address at you.
Essentially, all you need to use this book is a rudimentary grasp of the Internet and Web, and a desire to create your own presence. If you've just "heard" of the Web, or even if you've been surfing for a while and want to know more about Web page creation, you've found the right book.
Programmers and graphic artists will also find this book useful for making the transition to the Web-although I should make the point that Web design is not in any way as complicated or cerebral as programming. For the basics (and even for the best looking Web pages), no programming expertise is required. Later in this book, you'll learn how to make your pages "cutting-edge" with emerging tools like JavaScript. But even for that, programming is not a prerequisite.

Encyclopedia of HTML elements

HTML is a much richer language than what it’s used for. There are 77 elements and each one has a certain purpose. It is possible to find that reason by reading the specification, but who does that? I wrote this list as a way to tell you what I think each of the HTML tags should be used for, common problems you might encounter, and general advise about each one.

I’ve included all the elements from HTML 4.01 Strict. It’s a long one, but I’m sure you have more “tips and tricks” to add to it. Leave a comment and I’ll add yours to the list too. Let’s start off with a list of all the elements:

A, ABBR, ACRONYM, ADDRESS, AREA, B, BASE, BDO, BIG, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, BR, BUTTON, CAPTION, CITE, CODE, COL, COLGROUP, DD, DEL, DFN, DIV, DL, DT, EM, FIELDSET, FORM, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HEAD, HR, HTML, I , IMG, INPUT, INS, KBD, LABEL, LEGEND, LI, LINK, MAP, META, NOSCRIPT, OBJECT, OL, OPTGROUP, OPTION, P, PARAM, PRE, Q, SAMP, SCRIPT, SELECT, SMALL, SPAN, STRONG, STYLE, SUB, SUP, TABLE, TBODY, TD, TEXTAREA, TFOOT, TH, THEAD, TITLE, TR, TT, UL, VAR

For people that view this site in a visual browser I added colored bars on all the elements. They represent if an element is recommended to use or not. Green bar means “Use this!”, Yellow means “Consider if you really need it”, and Red means “Don’t use this unless you have a really good reason”.

Using HTML 3.2, Java 1.1, and CGI

First, Platinum Edition Using HTML 3.2, Java 1.1, and CGI makes it easy for you to find the most effective means to accomplish any task that needs to be done or present most any kind of information that can be served on the Web.
Second, this book covers the major Web technologies-not only HTML, Java, and CGI, but also VRML, Web browser scripting languages such as JavaScript and VB Script, and the full range of Microsoft's ActiveX technologies-in a depth and breadth that you won't find anywhere else. It has been expanded well beyond the best-selling Special Edition Using HTML, Second Edition, including almost 500 additional pages of in-depth technical detail, tips, techniques, and troubleshooting solutions. It also includes two CD-ROMs of Web software and HTML versions of some of Que's other related books.

With these goals in mind, how do you use this book?

If you are familiar with HTML and with setting up Web pages and Web sites, you may be able to just skim through the first couple of chapters to see what some of the issues in page and site design are and glance through the basic HTML elements discussed in the first two or three parts. Even if you are familiar with HTML, there may be some information in them that will be new to you. You can then read the advanced sections on HTML, as well as the sections on other Web technologies such as JavaScript and Java, CGI, VRML, and ActiveX technologies to determine which of those elements you want to include in your Web pages.

Platinum Edition Using HTML 3.2, Java 1.1, and CGI was written with the experienced HTML programmer in mind. Your experience may be limited to a simple Web home page you threw together, or you may be designing and programming Web sites. Either way, you will find comprehensive coverage on HTML and other Web technologies. Throughout this book, there are techniques for creating quality, effective Web pages and Web sites.

HTML Code Tutorial

This HTML tutorial provides the most helpful and complete guide to creating web pages anywhere. This HTML code tutorial comprises following web designing topics.

* Applets
* Comments
* CSS
* Document Tags
* Embedded Objects
* Fonts
* Forms
* Frames
* Images
* Lines & Paragraphs
* Links
* Lists
* Logical Tags
* Scripts
* Sounds
* Symbols
* Table
* Weird Tags
Popular sections in this tutorial are HTML Quick List and Popup Window Tutorial.
HTML Quick List A complete list of all tags and attributes, with links to pages about each of them.
Popup Window Tutorial A complete tutorial on creating "popup windows", including working examples and ready-to-use scripts.
Moreover help forums are there for FAQ, General, Forms, Tables, Frames, CSS, DHTML, HTML Tools. You can read or download this HTML Code tutorial from the below given link.

A Query Language for XML

An important application of XML is the interchange of electronic data (EDI) between multiple data sources on the Web. As XML data proliferates on the Web, applications will need to integrate and aggregate data from multiple source and clean and transform data to facilitate exchange. Data extraction, conversion, transformation, and integration are all well-understood database problems, and their solutions rely on a query language. We present a query language for XML, called XML-QL, which we argue is suitable for performing the above tasks. XML-QL is a declarative, ``relational complete'' query language and is simple enough that it can be optimized. XML-QL can extract data from existing XML documents and construct new XML documents.
Keywords: XML, query languages, electronic-data interchange (EDI)
Introduction
The goal of XML is to provide many of SGML's benefits not available in HTML and to provide them in a language that is easier to learn and use than complete SGML. These benefits include user-defined tags, nested elements, and an optional validation of document structure with respect to a Document Type Descriptor (DTD).
One important application of XML is the interchange of electronic data (EDI) between two or more data sources on the Web. Electronic data is primarily intended for computer, not human, consumption. For example, search robots could integrate automatically information from related sources that publish their data in XML format, e.g., stock quotes from financial sites, sports scores from news sites; businesses could publish data about their products and services, and potential customers could compare and process this information automatically; and business partners could exchange internal operational data between their information systems on secure channels. New opportunities will arise for third parties to add value by integrating, transforming, cleaning, and aggregating XML data. In this paper, we focus on XML's application to EDI. Specifically, we take a database view, as opposed to document view, of XML. We consider an XML document to be a database and a DTD to be a database schema.

Create Your Own Test Web

If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.

If you want to create a test web on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.

(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")

mainpage.htm

page1.htm

page2.htm

After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.
Use Your Test Web For Learning

We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad).

Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.
HTM or HTML Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We use .htm in our examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed three letters in file extensions.

With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.

What is HTML?

HTML is a computer language devised to allow website creation. These websites can then be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet. It is relatively easy to learn, with the basics being accessible to most people in one sitting; and quite powerful in what it allows you to create. It is constantly undergoing revision and evolution to meet the demands and requirements of the growing Internet audience under the direction of the » W3C, the organisation charged with designing and maintaining the language.

The definition of HTML is HyperText Markup Language.
HyperText is the method by which you move around on the web — by clicking on special text called hyperlinks which bring you to the next page. The fact that it is hyper just means it is not linear — i.e. you can go to any place on the Internet whenever you want by clicking on links — there is no set order to do things in.
Markup is what HTML tags do to the text inside them. They mark it as a certain type of text (italicised text, for example).
HTML is a Language, as it has code-words and syntax like any other language.

XSLT for Presentation MathML in a Browser

Back in 2002 at the MathML Conference I presented a stylesheet, pmathml.xsl, that detected the browser being used and inserted whatever was necessary to enable MathML on that platform. The stylesheet is distributed, along with the slides from the conference presentation, from the W3C Math/XSL area.

The stylesheet is showing its age, in particular a large part of its complexity is due to the fact that that it encodes two completely separate languages in one file, XSLT, and the ‘wd-xslt’ language used in IE5. IE 5 is not an important platform these days, and for some years MathPlayer has been able to act as a MIME Filter in Internet Explorer, and so automatically insert the needed object references into the document without using an XSL stylesheet. However the XSL stylesheet mechanism still has uses, and may be adapted to other browsers. An updated version of this stylesheet has been in use for the NAG Library documentation.

I have placed an updated version of pmathml.xsl on google code. This loses all the wd-xsl code so requires IE6 or later, but it detects Opera and Safari and in that case inserts some extra elements to make it more likely that the documents meets the conditions of the MathML profile for CSS, and links to some CSS to render the resulting elements. The CSS is a combination of some old CSS of mine and George Chavchanidze's CSS developed as part of the MathML profile for CSS.

Unfortunately xlink links no longer work in Firefox 3, and so this version uses some javascript to give link behaviour to any element with an xlink:href attribute. Since it is doing this it also enables links for unprefixed href attributes, in anticipation of MathML3's href attribute for linking.

I hope to extend this to enhance MathML3 support, rendering the new MathML3 features as far as possible in existing browsers. The current check in is mainly to form a baseline in google code before adding any new MathML3 features.

MathML as ASCII Art

MathML as ASCII Art

Normally one wants to use a full typesetting system, and access to fonts with a rich variety of symbols to typeset mathematics. But sometimes you don't.

Plain text, restricted to ASCII, still has its uses. It is possible to lay out the 2-dimensional mathematical notations as a kind of ‘ASCII-art’. Historically in the days before GUI workbook-style interfaces most Computer Algebra systems would use this kind of layout, and they can usually still be persuaded to use this style even in current versions.

I've just made available a very old stylesheet, it was I think one of the first XSLT 2 stylesheets that I wrote, which renders MathML in this style. It still does not do all of MathML3 (or 2) presentation MathML, but I intend to extend it as time permits.

The stylesheet is available on google code and some examples running against the MathML test suite are shown below.

The google code project also has the htmlparse styesheet discussed previously in this blog, and a perhaps more serious XSLT stylesheet to render MathML via TeX, again that will be extended to cover most of MathML3, as part of the MathML CR implementation phase – something to do over the Christmas break. Documentation of exactly what's in the project will be added eventually, it's only been running a day.